The Cyropaedia is Xenophon's partly fictional biography of Cyrus the Great. Aspects of it would become a model for medieval writers of the genre known as mirrors for princes. In turn it was a strong influence upon the most well-known but atypical of these, Machiavelli's The Prince, which was an important influence in the rejection of medieval political thinking, and the development of modern politics. However, unlike most "mirrors of princes", and like The Prince, whether or not the Cyropaedia was really intended to describe an ideal ruler is a subject of debate.

Translated by H. G. Dakyns, 1897. Revised by Revised by F. M. Stawell.