Joyce, James: - James Joyce was an Irish author, poet, and literary critic. He helped to shape the modernist avant-garde movement and is considered as one of the twentieth century's most influential and significant writers. Joyce's novel Ulysses (1922) is a seminal work in which incidents from Homer's Odyssey are replicated in a number of literary forms, including stream of consciousness. Other notable works include the short story collection Dubliners (1914) and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His other writings include three collections of poetry, a drama, correspondence, and some journalism. Joyce was born in Dublin to a middle-class family. He attended the Jesuit Clongowes Wood College in County Kildare, followed by a brief stint at the Christian Brothers' O'Connell School. Despite the tumultuous family life brought on by his father's fluctuating finances, he excelled at Jesuit Belvedere College and graduated from University College Dublin in 1902. In 1904, he met his future wife, Nora Barnacle, and the two relocated to mainland Europe. He worked briefly in Pula before moving to Trieste, Austria-Hungary, where he worked as an English instructor. Joyce lived in Dublin until 1915, with the exception of an eight-month stint as a correspondence clerk in Rome and three returns to the city.