Goethe: - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was a German writer, poet, and polymath who is considered one of the greatest figures in Western literature. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, into a wealthy family, and received an extensive education in the classics and the arts. Goethe's early works, such as "The Sorrows of Young Werther" (1774), made him a literary celebrity in Europe. In his later years, he turned his attention to science and philosophy, becoming one of the leading intellectuals of his time. Throughout his life, Goethe was involved in a variety of fields, including literature, drama, poetry, science, and politics. He was a keen observer of nature and believed that art and science were two sides of the same coin, both necessary for a complete understanding of the world. Goethe's literary works are vast and varied, ranging from epic poetry and dramas to novels and essays. In addition to his literary accomplishments, Goethe also made significant contributions to science, particularly in the fields of botany and anatomy. He believed that the study of nature was essential for understanding the human condition and spent much of his later years studying the natural world. Goethe died in Weimar, Germany, in 1832, at the age of 82. He remains a towering figure in German literature and is widely regarded as one of the greatest thinkers of the modern era.