Bettina Graf is an academic assistant to the director at the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies (ZMO) in Berlin. She is currently completing her Ph.D. on the production and adaptation of fatwas in the era of electronic media with reference to the works of Yusuf al-Qaradawi.; Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen is the director of the Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute in Cairo and the former head of the academic program at the Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen.