Cadernos Ultramares seeks to present Brazilian culture and thought in a qualified way, through volumes bringing together important essays by renowned authors in different areas of knowledge. Anthropologist Tânia Stolze Lima elaborated, with Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's contribution, the innovative concept of Amerindian perspectivism. This is the central theme of the two essays in this volume, among them the seminal "The Two and Their Multiple", where the term was first presented.