Ferri, Enrico: - Italian politician, sociologist, and criminologist Enrico Ferri was born in Lombardy on February 25, 1856. He is well-known for his contributions to the subject of criminology and is regarded as one of the pioneers of the Positive School of Criminology, which placed an emphasis on the value of scientific analysis in understanding criminal behavior and promoted the treatment of convicts with greater compassion. In his work, Ferri concentrated on the socioeconomic roots of crime and made the case that things like poverty and social inequality-aspects outside the individual's control-determine criminal conduct. He also supported the employment of non-penal methods, such as education and social welfare programs, to prevent crime and thought that punishment should be centered on rehabilitation rather than revenge. Ferri was a criminologist who was also involved in politics. From 1895 until 1921, he was a member of the Italian Parliament. He was a socialist who spent his whole career fighting for social justice and labor rights. Ferri passed away in 1929, but his concepts and contributions to the study of criminology still have an impact on academics and decision-makers today.