Procedures to Investigate Foodborne Illness is designed to guide public health personnel or teams in any country that investigates reports of alleged foodborne illnesses. The manual is based on epidemiologic principles and investigative techniques that have been found effective in determining causal factors of disease incidence. The guidelines are presented in the sequence usually followed during investigations and are organized so that an investigator can easily find the information needed in any phase of an investigation. Included are descriptions of the following procedures: Plan, prepare, investigate and respond to intentional contamination of foodHandle illness alerts and food-related complaints that may be related to illnessInterview ill persons, those at risk, and controlsDevelop a case definitionCollect and ship specimens and food samplesConduct hazard analysis (environmental assessments) at sites where foods responsible for outbreaks were produced, processed, or preparedTrace sources of contaminationIdentify factors responsible for contamination, survival of pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances, and/or propagation of pathogensCollate and interpret collected dataReport information about the outbreakThis edition also contains extensively updated and more user-friendly keys to assist investigators in identifying the contributing factors that may lead to the contamination, proliferation or survival of agents of foodborne disease.