Parton, James: - James Parton (1822-1891) was an American historian, journalist, and social reformer known for his insightful and often critical examinations of social issues. Born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, Parton was a prominent figure in 19th-century American literature and reform movements. He is best known for his writings on social reform, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption and smoking. Parton's work, Smoking and Drinking, reflects his commitment to addressing public health concerns and advocating for the temperance movement. His exploration of these topics highlights his broader interest in moral and social reform, which was a significant theme throughout his career. Parton's writing is characterized by its clarity and persuasive arguments, aiming to educate the public about the detrimental effects of substance abuse and promote healthier lifestyle choices. In addition to his work on temperance and health, Parton authored biographies, historical accounts, and essays, contributing significantly to American literature and social discourse. His efforts in advocating for social change and addressing contemporary issues have left a lasting impact, making him an important figure in the history of American social reform and literature.