Illustrations from the Tovar Codex in 44 full page color plates

The Tovar Codex (also known as the Ramírez Codex) is a 16th century Mexican manuscript entitled Relación del origen de los indios que hábitan esta Nueva España según sus Historias (lit. Relation of the origin of the Indians who inhabit this New Spain according to their histories). The codex narrates the history of the Aztecs from their gradual migration into the Anahuac valley to the fall of Tenochtitlan. Attributed to Juan de Tovar (1543-1623), a Jesuit priest and writer, most scholars believe that the work is based on an earlier Nahuatl source. The manuscript was discovered in 1856 by historian José Fernando Ramírez in the library of the convent of San Francisco in Mexico. The illustrations in the present volume are from an edition of the work held by the Library of Congress.