Confucius: - "Confucius (551 BCE - 479 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher, teacher, and politician whose teachings and beliefs had a profound impact on Chinese culture, ethics, and philosophy. He is also known as Kong Qiu, Kong Fuzi, or Master Kong, and his ideas are often referred to as Confucianism. Confucius was born in the Lu state of China, in a noble family. He was raised in poverty after his father died when he was three years old. Despite his humble beginnings, he became a scholar, studying subjects like history, music, and the arts. Confucius became a teacher and taught his students how to become ethical, moral, and responsible members of society. Confucius' philosophy is based on the idea that people should live in harmony and that individuals have a responsibility to cultivate virtues such as benevolence, wisdom, and integrity. "The Wisdom of Confucius" is a collection of his teachings, compiled by his disciples after his death. It contains over 500 aphorisms, proverbs, and teachings, which provide guidance on how to live a virtuous life."